{"id":443,"date":"2025-08-25T07:34:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/?p=443"},"modified":"2025-09-06T08:56:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T08:56:21","slug":"acupuncture-experimentale-dans-linfertilite-feminine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/?p=443","title":{"rendered":"Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fontaine-de-Diane-Syracuse-Sicile-Italie-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"Diane, d\u00e9esse associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la fertilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019accouchement \u2013 Fontaine de Diane \u2013 Syracuse -Sicile -Italie\" class=\"wp-image-360\" style=\"width:800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fontaine-de-Diane-Syracuse-Sicile-Italie-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fontaine-de-Diane-Syracuse-Sicile-Italie-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fontaine-de-Diane-Syracuse-Sicile-Italie-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fontaine-de-Diane-Syracuse-Sicile-Italie-624x418.jpg 624w, https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fontaine-de-Diane-Syracuse-Sicile-Italie.jpg 1332w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Diane, d\u00e9esse associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la fertilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019accouchement \u2013 Fontaine de Diane \u2013 Syracuse -Sicile -Italie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;L\u2019utilisation de l\u2019acupuncture de plus en plus fr\u00e9quente dans l\u2019assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation (AMP), surtout dans la f\u00e9condation in vitro (FIV) a engendr\u00e9 de nombreuses recherches pour tenter d\u2019expliquer les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019action dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine. La r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien et surr\u00e9nalien, l\u2019action sur le syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique et le flux sanguin ovarien sont quelques-uns des ces m\u00e9canismes physiopathologiques qui permettront de comprendre son action lors d\u2019une dysfonction ovarienne. L\u2019action sur le flux vasculaire ut\u00e9rin, le stress, les cat\u00e9cholamines, l\u2019inhibition de la motilit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine etc. sont d\u2019autres m\u00e9canismes intervenant lors de la FIV avant et apr\u00e8s transfert embryonnaire.&nbsp;<strong>Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/strong>&nbsp;: Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale &#8211; FIV \u2013 flux sanguin ovarien \u2013 leptine \u2013 VEGF \u2013&nbsp;endoth\u00e9line&nbsp;\u2013 NPY \u2013connexine&nbsp;43 \u2013 cytokines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Summary:<\/strong>&nbsp;The use of acupuncture increasingly common in assisted reproductive technology (ART), especially in vitro fertilization (IVF) has created a lot of research to try to explain the mechanisms of action in female infertility. The regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and adrenal action on the sympathetic nervous system and ovarian blood flow are some of the&nbsp;physiopathological&nbsp;mechanisms for understanding its action in an ovarian dysfunction. The action on the uterine vascular flow, stress,&nbsp;catecholamines, the inhibition of uterine motility etc. are other mechanisms involved in the before and after IVF embryo transfer.&nbsp;<strong>Keywords:<\/strong>&nbsp;Experimental Acupuncture &#8211; IVF &#8211; Ovarian blood flow &#8211;&nbsp;leptin&nbsp;&#8211; VEGF &#8211;&nbsp;endothelin&nbsp;&#8211; NPY-connexin&nbsp;43 &#8211; cytokines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreuses th\u00e9ories visent \u00e0 expliquer les m\u00e9canismes physiopathologiques de l\u2019action de l\u2019acupuncture dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9. On peut les regrouper en quatre m\u00e9canismes principaux \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s : la modulation des facteurs neuroendocriniens, l\u2019augmentation du flux sanguin ovarien et ut\u00e9rin, la modulation du syst\u00e8me immunitaire (en particulier les cytokines), la r\u00e9duction du stress, de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de la d\u00e9pression [1-4]. Ces m\u00e9canismes jouent un r\u00f4le potentiel aussi bien dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 que dans l\u2019explication des effets de l\u2019acupuncture lors d\u2019un protocole de FIV avant ou apr\u00e8s transfert de l\u2019embryon.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"40\" src=\"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/JmStephffDiffusion1.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-190\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>M\u00e9canismes physiologiques dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 en rapport avec une dysfonction ovarienne<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>R\u00e9gulation de l\u2019axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien et surr\u00e9nalien<\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019augmentation des b\u00eata-endorphines engendr\u00e9e par l\u2019acupuncture ou&nbsp;&nbsp;l\u2019\u00e9lectroacupuncture&nbsp;(EA) a un impact sur&nbsp;l\u2019axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien mais aussi surr\u00e9nalien en modulant la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion des hormones&nbsp;GnRH&nbsp;et CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) chez la rate&nbsp;ovariectomis\u00e9e&nbsp;ou pr\u00e9sentant un syndrome d\u2019ovaires&nbsp;polykystiques&nbsp;induits [5-9] ou chez la femme souffrant d\u2019ovaires&nbsp;polykystiques&nbsp;[[10],[11]]. On observe ainsi que l\u2019EA \u00e0 basse fr\u00e9quence entra\u00eene une diminution de l\u2019expression de la&nbsp;GnRH&nbsp;au niveau de l\u2019aire m\u00e9diale&nbsp;pr\u00e9optique&nbsp;hypothalamique ainsi que de la LH dans l\u2019hypophyse. Par ailleurs elle va aussi augmenter la synth\u00e8se de b\u00eata-endorphines de nature&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophysaire et plasmatique [6] et la lib\u00e9ration de CRH dans ce m\u00eame noyau&nbsp;paraventriculaire&nbsp;chez la rate&nbsp;ovariectomis\u00e9e&nbsp;[9] et permettre la modulation du cortisol [[12]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En outre de nombreuses investigations ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que l\u2019acupunture, la moxibustion ou l\u2019EA \u00e0 basse fr\u00e9quence influencent les niveaux de FSH, LH,&nbsp;estradiol&nbsp;(E2) et progest\u00e9rone [5,9,13-18]. Il s\u2019av\u00e8re que par exemple l\u2019augmentation des \u0153strog\u00e8nes plasmatiques par EA est li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aromatisation&nbsp;extraglandulaire&nbsp;des androg\u00e8nes [14], mais aussi par l\u2019inhibition de la CRH d\u2019origine ovarienne [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<em>Action sur le flux sanguin ovarien&nbsp;: modulation par le syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique<\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>L\u2019acupuncture augmente le flux sanguin ovarien comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 par la stimulation EA \u00e0 basse fr\u00e9quence chez des rates avec ovaires&nbsp;polykystiques&nbsp;st\u00e9ro\u00efdes-induits. De nombreux travaux ont mis en \u00e9vidence le r\u00f4le crucial du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique dans le flux sanguin ovarien [2]. Apr\u00e8s EA (2 Hz), l\u2019activit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me sympathique d\u00e9croit et le flux sanguin ovarien augmente, action engendr\u00e9e via une r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9flexe des nerfs sympathiques ovariens eux m\u00eame r\u00e9gul\u00e9s par les voies&nbsp;supraspinales&nbsp;[[19],[20]]. L\u2019inhibition du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique par EA (2Hz) sur des aiguilles plac\u00e9es au niveau de l\u2019abdomen ou de la hanche de l\u2019animal, correspond ainsi au territoire d\u2019innervation de l\u2019ovaire ou de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus [[21]]. Chez la femme souffrant d\u2019un syndrome des ovaires&nbsp;polykystiques&nbsp;(SOPK), l\u2019EA \u00e0 basse fr\u00e9quence (2Hz) entra\u00eene \u00e9galement une r\u00e9duction de l\u2019activit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me sympathique [[22]]. Par ailleurs, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que l\u2019EA (2Hz) module l\u2019activit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique dans les ovaires en entra\u00eenant une d\u00e9croissance de la concentration ovarienne de l\u2019endoth\u00e9line-1, de CRH et de NGF (nerve&nbsp;growth&nbsp;factor) [8,23-25], d\u2019o\u00f9 r\u00e9gulation du flux sanguin ovarien par vasodilatation.&nbsp;Manni&nbsp;et coll. d\u00e9montrent que l\u2019EA \u00e0 2Hz entra\u00eene une d\u00e9croissance de l\u2019activit\u00e9 sympathique en diminuant l\u2019expression des r\u00e9cepteurs adr\u00e9nergiques \u03b22 aussi bien que celle des r\u00e9cepteurs&nbsp;neurotrophiques&nbsp;p75 (nerve&nbsp;growth&nbsp;factor&nbsp;receptor&nbsp;p75NTR ou NGFR qui permet le d\u00e9veloppement des neurones adr\u00e9nergiques) [[26]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<em>Modulation du syst\u00e8me endocrinien glucidique<\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>L&rsquo;hyperinsulinisme ou une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l&rsquo;insuline serait une des causes du SOPK caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l&rsquo;association d&rsquo;une spaniom\u00e9norrh\u00e9e ou d&rsquo;une am\u00e9norrh\u00e9e, d&rsquo;un probl\u00e8me de st\u00e9rilit\u00e9, d&rsquo;un hirsutisme, d&rsquo;une ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 etc. et que 50% des patients pr\u00e9sentant un SOPK le pr\u00e9senterait [[27],[28]]. L\u2019EA (100Hz ou 2Hz) ou l\u2019acupuncture r\u00e9duit le poids corporel et la prise alimentaire, augmente la sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019insuline, r\u00e9duit la glyc\u00e9mie et les niveaux de lipides, stimule aussi le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique aussi bien chez les rats [29-32] que l\u2019\u00eatre humain [33-35], le tout en rapport avec une modulation de la concentration plasmatique en leptine ou&nbsp;adiponectine&nbsp;[29,30,[36]]. L\u2019acupuncture pourrait conduire \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le poids dans le SOPK&nbsp;&nbsp;et am\u00e9liorer le cycle menstruel via la r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de la leptine et de l\u2019axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien&nbsp;&nbsp;[[37]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00e9canismes physiologiques impliqu\u00e9s lors de la FIV avant transfert embryonnaire<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Action sur le VEGF, le flux vasculaire ut\u00e9rin, le flux sanguin&nbsp;endom\u00e9trial<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>En cas d\u2019hypoxie dans le fluide folliculaire, le&nbsp;vascular&nbsp;endothelial&nbsp;growth&nbsp;factor (VEGF) sera produit, facteur de l\u2019angiogen\u00e8se. Il est ainsi connu que des concentrations \u00e9lev\u00e9es de VEGF dans ce liquide peuvent \u00eatre une des causes d\u2019\u00e9chec de la FIV [[38]]. Or, l\u2019acupuncture module la production du&nbsp;vascular&nbsp;endothelial&nbsp;growth&nbsp;factor (VEGF) [17,39-41] (figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meridiens.org\/acuMoxi\/onzeun\/STEPHAN-acuExp%20Inferti_fichiers\/image002.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:647px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Structure cristalline de la VEGF-A, impliqu\u00e9e dans l\u2019angiogen\u00e8se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant le transfert de l\u2019embryon, la pression art\u00e9rielle et l&rsquo;activit\u00e9&nbsp;vasoconstrictive&nbsp;du syst\u00e8me sympathique seront r\u00e9duites par l&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire de l\u2019action de l\u2019acupuncture sur les b\u00eata-endorphines et sur la r\u00e9gulation de l&rsquo;axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien [2]. Ainsi apr\u00e8s huit s\u00e9ances d\u2019EA (\u00e0 2 et 100 Hz) r\u00e9parties sur quatre semaines, l&rsquo;imp\u00e9dance (r\u00e9sistance) vasculaire dans les art\u00e8res ut\u00e9rines chez les femmes st\u00e9riles trait\u00e9es par analogue de&nbsp;GnRH&nbsp;fut r\u00e9duite de mani\u00e8re statistiquement significative et maintenue quinze jours apr\u00e8s la fin du traitement EA [[42]]. L\u2019inhibition du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique semble \u00eatre en corr\u00e9lation avec cette diminution de la r\u00e9sistance vasculaire ut\u00e9rine [42,[43]], elle m\u00eame en rapport avec l\u2019augmentation de la concentration en b\u00eata-endorphines [44,45].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sze&nbsp;So et coll. ont objectiv\u00e9 par contre que l\u2019acupuncture r\u00e9duisait le flux sanguin de l\u2019endom\u00e8tre mesur\u00e9 par doppler entra\u00eenant une hypoxie&nbsp;endom\u00e9triale&nbsp;qui am\u00e9liore, elle, l\u2019implantation de l\u2019embryon [[46]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Action sur le stress, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et la d\u00e9pression&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019association entre pr\u00e9valence d\u2019un syndrome d\u00e9pressif et \u00e9chec de FIV a \u00e9t\u00e9 objectiv\u00e9e chez des femmes australiennes en traitement de st\u00e9rilit\u00e9 [[47]] de m\u00eame qu\u2019avec l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et le stress [[48]]. Le tout sugg\u00e8re que le stress, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et la d\u00e9pression sont des composantes \u00e0 traiter chez les femmes r\u00e9alisant une FIV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi les femmes ayant un \u00e9chec de leur FIV ont une concentration en cat\u00e9cholamines (adr\u00e9naline et noradr\u00e9naline) sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celles dont la FIV est une r\u00e9ussite [[49]]. On retrouve aussi une augmentation du cortisol et de la prolactine chez les femmes r\u00e9alisant une FIV, non retrouv\u00e9e chez celles qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une laparoscopie sans relation avec une infertilit\u00e9 [[50]]. L\u2019acupuncture montre que son efficacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le stress et l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp;\u00e0 la fois avant et apr\u00e8s le transfert d&#8217;embryon peut am\u00e9liorer les taux de grossesse [[51]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le jour du transfert embryonnaire, l\u2019acupuncture r\u00e9duit aussi la concentration en cortisol et diminue l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 [46]. Une autre \u00e9tude observe que l\u2019\u00e9lectroacupuncture&nbsp;augmente les taux de cortisol et de prolactine de mani\u00e8re significative, respectivement du 7<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;au 13<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;jour et du 5<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;au 8<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;jour apr\u00e8s stimulation par agoniste de&nbsp;GnRH&nbsp;par rapport au groupe contr\u00f4le puis retourne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat basal physiologique au moment du transfert. Les auteurs concluent que l\u2019acupuncture module les taux de prolactine et de cortisol de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ce que le corps retrouve son \u00e9tat&nbsp;hom\u00e9ostasique&nbsp;[12].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est en modulant les niveaux de neuropeptide Y (NPY) que l\u2019acupuncture r\u00e9duit la d\u00e9pression, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et le stress. Par exemple, le traitement&nbsp;acupunctural&nbsp;diminue l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 comportementale chez les rats en augmentant la concentration du NPY dans l&rsquo;amygdale [[52]]. De m\u00eame, dans une groupe de femmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019EA \u00e0 2Hz sur 5TR et 4GI, d\u2019EA \u00e0 80Hz sur le 29E et d\u2019acupuncture manuelle sur le 20VG et le 36E dans le cadre d\u2019une analg\u00e9sie pour aspiration ovocytaire lors d\u2019une&nbsp;&nbsp;FIV, on observe une augmentation statistiquement significative (p&lt;0,001) de la concentration du NPY dans le liquide folliculaire versus le groupe&nbsp;alfentanyl&nbsp;avec diminution du stress et de la prise d\u2019antalgiques [[53]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreux m\u00e9canismes potentiels des effets de l\u2019acupuncture ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9voqu\u00e9s dans les troubles de l\u2019humeur, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et le stress [4,[54]]. Outre la modulation de l\u2019augmentation du NPY, on retrouve aussi un accroissement de la concentration des peptides opio\u00efdes [[55]], la restauration des taux de&nbsp;brain-derived&nbsp;neurotrophic&nbsp;factor (BDNF) au niveau de l\u2019hippocampe [[56]], l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique [[57]] et son corollaire, l\u2019augmentation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me vagal [[58]], la modulation de la prolactine [12] et bien s\u00fbr l\u2019influence sur l\u2019axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-surr\u00e9nalien [[59]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Action sur le syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il semble que les \u00e9checs r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s des FIV soient en rapport avec une modulation locale et syst\u00e9mique inappropri\u00e9e de la r\u00e9ponse des lymphocytes T CD4+&nbsp;helper&nbsp;\u00e0 r\u00e9ponse Th2 [[60]]. La lib\u00e9ration de cytokines tels que les interleukine-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL10 et IL-13 est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse des lymphocytes Th2 qui favorisent les r\u00e9actions humorales de type allergique avec activation des cellules \u00e9osinophiles et des plasmocytes.&nbsp;La grossesse r\u00e9ussie a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crite comme un \u00ab&nbsp;ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne Th-2&nbsp;\u00bb.&nbsp;En effet, les taux&nbsp;s\u00e9riques significativement \u00e9lev\u00e9s de cytokines \u00e0 r\u00e9ponse Th2 (IL-6 et IL-10) sont d\u00e9tect\u00e9s dans la grossesse normale, alors que chez les femmes avec avortements r\u00e9currents, les taux s\u00e9riques des cytokines \u00e0 r\u00e9ponse Th1 et l\u2019IFN-\u03b3 sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s [[61]]. L\u2019acupuncture pourrait am\u00e9liorer la FIV en agissant sur ces cytokines [[62]]. L\u2019acupuncture, l\u2019EA ou la moxibustion moduleraient les concentrations de cytokines issues des r\u00e9ponses Th1 \u00e0 m\u00e9diation cellulaire ou Th2 \u00e0 m\u00e9diation humorale [63-65]. Ce qui semble confirm\u00e9 par deux \u00e9tudes parues en janvier 2012 qui montrent que sur un mod\u00e8le de rates en \u00e9chec d\u2019implantation du&nbsp;blastocyste&nbsp;(par ingestion de&nbsp;mif\u00e9pristone), l\u2019acupuncture va am\u00e9liorer l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u00e9ficient de la muqueuse ut\u00e9rine en promouvant la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion des cytokines \u00e0 r\u00e9ponse Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) et en inhibant les cytokines \u00e0 r\u00e9ponse Th1 (IL-1<em>\u03b2,&nbsp;<\/em>IL-2) [[66]], mais aussi en am\u00e9liorant la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion d\u2019IL-12 et de LIF (leukemia&nbsp;inhibitory&nbsp;factor) [[67]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00e9canismes physiologiques impliqu\u00e9s lors de la FIV apr\u00e8s transfert embryonnaire<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Connexine<\/em><em>&nbsp;43<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019implantation du blastom\u00e8re serait am\u00e9lior\u00e9e apr\u00e8s&nbsp;puncture&nbsp;des points 3F, 36E et 6Rte d\u00e8s le premier jour de grossesse chez des rates gravides. Une relation avec la&nbsp;connexine&nbsp;43 a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u00e9vidence [[68]]. Les&nbsp;connexines&nbsp;sont des prot\u00e9ines transmembranaires qui s&rsquo;assemblent en complexes de six unit\u00e9s, le&nbsp;connexon&nbsp;qui va m\u00e9nager ainsi une jonction perc\u00e9e par un pore reliant les cytoplasmes des deux cellules contigu\u00ebs entre les membranes de deux cellules voisines (figure 2). D\u2019o\u00f9 l&rsquo;importance de ces structures qui permettent le passage des \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessaires tout particuli\u00e8rement chez l&#8217;embryon car assurant ainsi la circulation des nutriments en attendant la formation du syst\u00e8me sanguin.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meridiens.org\/acuMoxi\/onzeun\/STEPHAN-acuExp%20Inferti_fichiers\/image004.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:655px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>&nbsp;Jonction gap avec son principal \u00e9l\u00e9ment, le&nbsp;connexon&nbsp;et la&nbsp;la&nbsp;connexine, prot\u00e9ine formant les&nbsp;connexons&nbsp;(Mariana Ruiz&nbsp;LadyofHats&nbsp;[Public&nbsp;domain], via&nbsp;Wikimedia&nbsp;Commons).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Motilit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>L&rsquo;observation des contractions ut\u00e9rines de haute fr\u00e9quence (&gt; 5,0 contractions\/min) au moment du transfert embryonnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une implantation et un taux de grossesse nettement plus faible par transfert d&#8217;embryon par comparaison avec les femmes ayant une fr\u00e9quence de contractions plus faibles (\u2264 3,0 contractions\/min). Cela peut entra\u00eener l&rsquo;expulsion m\u00e9canique d&#8217;embryons \u00e0 partir de la cavit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine [[69]]. D\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de les r\u00e9duire [[70]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi la&nbsp;puncture&nbsp;de 4GI entra\u00eene une r\u00e9duction statistiquement significative de la motilit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine chez les rates gravides. Ce serait en rapport avec le r\u00f4le inhibiteur de l&rsquo;expression de l&rsquo;enzyme COX-2 par inactivation des prostaglandines [[71]]. De m\u00eame, le traitement&nbsp;acupunctural&nbsp;de 6Rte contr\u00f4le aussi la motilit\u00e9 ut\u00e9rine pendant la grossesse [[72]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>Action sur les facteurs de r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 de l\u2019endom\u00e8tre lors de l\u2019implantation<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>La stimulation des points 6Rte, 36E, 3F, 4VC, 3VC entrainent une am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019expression de la prot\u00e9ine du facteur d\u2019inhibition de l\u2019endom\u00e8tre (LIF) et de l\u2019ost\u00e9opontine&nbsp;(OPN) au niveau de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus gravide d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de rate induite par citrate de clomif\u00e8ne (correspond \u00e0 un syndrome des ovaires&nbsp;polykystiques) pendant la p\u00e9riode d\u2019implantation du&nbsp;foetus. On sait que ces deux facteurs cellulaires sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les&nbsp;biomarqueurs&nbsp;les plus prometteurs de la r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 de l\u2019endom\u00e8tre lors de l&rsquo;implantation du&nbsp;blastocyste&nbsp;et durant la grossesse. Par ailleurs, les taux s\u00e9riques d&rsquo;estradiol&nbsp;sont diminu\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re significative [[73]].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">&nbsp;[1]. St\u00e9phan JM.&nbsp;&nbsp;Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale dans l\u2019insuffisance ovarienne. Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 2005;4(1):68-72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]. St\u00e9phan JM. Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale et syndrome des ovaires&nbsp;polykystiques. Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 2005;4(2):153-159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]. St\u00e9phan JM.&nbsp;&nbsp;Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale et grossesse. Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 2005;4(3):236-239.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]. St\u00e9phan JM. Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale, stress, axe neuroendocrinien et syst\u00e8me limbique. Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 2005;4(4):340-349.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5].&nbsp;Chen BY, Yu J. Relationship between blood&nbsp;radioimmunoreactive&nbsp;beta-endorphin and hand skin temperature during the electro-acupuncture induction of ovulation.&nbsp;Acupunct&nbsp;Electrother&nbsp;Res 1991;16(1-2):1-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6].&nbsp;Chen BY.&nbsp;Acupuncture normalizes dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.&nbsp;Acupunct&nbsp;Electrother&nbsp;Res 1997;22(2):97-108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7].&nbsp;Stener-Victorin&nbsp;E,&nbsp;Lindholm&nbsp;C. 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Neurosci Lett 2003;353(1):37-40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10].&nbsp;Stener-Victorin&nbsp;E,&nbsp;Waldenstrom&nbsp;U,&nbsp;Tagnfors&nbsp;U, Lundeberg T,&nbsp;Lindstedt&nbsp;G,&nbsp;Janson&nbsp;PO.&nbsp;Effects of electro-acupuncture on&nbsp;anovulation&nbsp;in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.&nbsp;Acta&nbsp;Obstet&nbsp;Gynecol&nbsp;Scand 2000 79:180-188.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11].&nbsp;Jedel&nbsp;E,&nbsp;Labrie&nbsp;F,&nbsp;Od\u00e9n&nbsp;A, Holm G, Nilsson L,&nbsp;Janson&nbsp;PO, Lind AK,&nbsp;Ohlsson&nbsp;C,Stener-Victorin&nbsp;E. Impact of electro-acupuncture and physical exercise on&nbsp;hyperandrogenism&nbsp;and&nbsp;oligo\/amenorrhea in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.&nbsp;Am J&nbsp;Physiol&nbsp;Endocrinol&nbsp;Metab.&nbsp;2011 Jan;300(1):E37-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12].&nbsp;Magarelli&nbsp;PC,&nbsp;Cridennda&nbsp;DK, Cohen M. 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Kim JS, Na CS,&nbsp;Hwang&nbsp;WJ, Lee BC, Shin KH,&nbsp;Pak&nbsp;SC.&nbsp;&nbsp;Immunohistochemical&nbsp;localization of cyclooxygenase-2 in pregnant rat uterus by Sp-6 acupuncture.&nbsp;Am J Chin Med 2003;31(3):481-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[73]. Fu H, He Y, Gao Y, Man Y, Liu W,&nbsp;Hao&nbsp;H. Acupuncture on the&nbsp;Endometrial&nbsp;Morphology, the&nbsp;Serum&nbsp;Estradiol&nbsp;and&nbsp;Progesterone&nbsp;Levels, and the Expression of&nbsp;Endometrial&nbsp;Leukaemia-inhibitor&nbsp;Factor and&nbsp;Osteopontin&nbsp;in Rats.&nbsp;Evid&nbsp;Based&nbsp;Complement&nbsp;Alternat Med. 2011;2011:606514.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.meridiens.org\/acuMoxi\/onzeun\/STEPHAN-exp_infertilite.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>St\u00e9phan JM. Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine. Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 2012;11(1):59-65. (Version PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.meridiens.org\/acuMoxi\/onzeun\/STEPHAN-acuExp%20Inferti.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>St\u00e9phan JM. Acupuncture exp\u00e9rimentale dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine. Acupuncture &amp; Moxibustion. 2012;11(1):59-65. (Version 2012)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9sum\u00e9&nbsp;:&nbsp;L\u2019utilisation de l\u2019acupuncture de plus en plus fr\u00e9quente dans l\u2019assistance m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation (AMP), surtout dans la f\u00e9condation in vitro (FIV) a engendr\u00e9 de nombreuses recherches pour tenter d\u2019expliquer les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019action dans l\u2019infertilit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine. La r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019axe&nbsp;hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien et surr\u00e9nalien, l\u2019action sur le syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique et le flux sanguin ovarien sont quelques-uns [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-acupuncture-experimentale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=443"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1386,"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443\/revisions\/1386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meridiens.org\/meridienjmstephf\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}